Lecturer

Research interests

Of particular interest is the metabolism of brain cells, especially regarding glucose-, glutathione- and oxidative pathways, and how these processes are influenced by xenobiotics including drugs. Furthermore, a key topic is the metabolic interaction between cytosolic and mitochondrial pathways as well as the investigation of im- and export processes of important metabolites and how these are influenced by xenobiotics. For a better understanding of these interactions and their implications for the brain, primary brain cells are a very valuable model system. Investigation of such complex scientific questions by utilizing a cellular model system requires a broad range of different scientific methods. These range from enzymatic/photometric test systems for the quantification of metabolites, over methods of instrumental analytics to detect low molecular organic compounds like xenobiotics, up to computer-based simulations that allow for elucidation of molecular mechanisms in silico.

Journal articles

Arend* C., Brandmann* M. and Dringen R. (2013). The antiretroviral protease inhibitor ritonavir accelerates glutathione export from cultured primary astrocytes. Neurochemical Research 38: 732-741. (*joint first authorship)

Ehrke* E., Arend* C. and Dringen R. (2015). 3-Bromopyruvate inhibits glycolysis, depletes cellular glutathione, and compromises the viability of cultured primary rat astrocytes. Journal of Neuroscience Research 93: 1138-1146. (*joint first authorship)

Arend C., Rother A., Stolte S. and Dringen R. (2016). Consequences of a chronic exposure of cultured brain astrocytes to the anti-retroviral drug efavirenz and its primary metabolite 8-hydroxy efavirenz. Neurochemical Research 41: 3278-3288.

Raabe* J., Arend* C., Steinmeier J. and Dringen R. (2019). Dicoumarol inhibits multidrug resistance protein 1-mediated export processes in cultured primary rat astrocytes. Neurochemical Research 44: 333-346. (*joint first authorship)

Arend C., Ehrke E. and Dringen R. (2019). Consequences of a metabolic glucose-depletion on the survival and the metabolism of cultured rat astrocytes. Neurochemical Research 44: 2288-2300.

Denker, N., Harders, A.R., Arend, C., and Dringen, R. (2023). Consumption and Metabolism of Extracellular Pyruvate by Cultured Rat Brain Astrocytes. Neurochemical Research 48: 1438-1454.

Harders A.R., Denieffe S.C., Arend C., Berger J. and Dringen R. (2023). Endogenous energy stores maintain a high ATP concentration for hours in glucose-depleted cultured primary rat astrocytes. Neurochemical Research 48: 2241-2252.

Watermann P., Arend C. and Dringen R. (2023). G6PDi-1 is a potent inhibitor of G6PDH and of pentose phosphate pathway-dependent metabolic processes in cultured primary astrocytes. Neurochemical Research 48: 3177-3189.

Arend*^† C., Grothaus* I.L., Waespy M., Colombi Ciacchi L. and Dringen R. (2024). Modulation of Multidrug Resistance Protein 1-mediated transport processes by the antiviral drug ritonavir in cultured primary astrocytes. Neurochemical Research 49: 66-84.

Harders A.R., Watermann P., Karger G., Denieffe S.C., Weller A., Dannemann A.C., Willker J.E., Köhler Y., Arend C. and Dringen R. (2024). Consequences of a 2-Deoxyglucose Exposure on the ATP Content and the Cytosolic Glucose Metabolism of Cultured Primary Rat Astrocytes. Neurochemical Research 49: 3244–3262.

Watermann P., Kalsi G.K., Dringen R. and Arend C. (2024). Differential Effects of Itaconate and its Esters on the Glutathione and Glucose Metabolism of Cultured Primary Rat Astrocytes. Neurochemical Research 50.

(*joint first authorship, ^†corresponding author)

Conference contributions

Arend C., Ehrke E. and Dringen R. (2014). Adverse effects of 3-bromopyruvate on cultured astrocytes. Abstract-Book, 11^th International Conference on Brain Energy Metabolism, Bymosehegn, Helsinge, Denmark (May 2014).

Arend C., Rother A., Stolte S. and Dringen R. (2016).Consequences of a chronic exposure of cultured brain astrocytes to the antiretroviral drug efavirenz and its primary metabolite 8-hydroxy efavirenz. Abstract-Book, 12^th International Conference on Brain Energy Metabolism, Hong Kong (May 2016).

Arend C. and Dringen R. (2017). Acute and chronic exposure to ritonavir stimulates GSH export from cultured astrocytes via the multidrug resistance protein 1. Journal of Neurochemistry 142: 63-64. Paris (August 2017)

Arend C., Brandmann M., Harder T. and Dringen R. (2019). Screening of substances for biocompatibility based on the proliferation of C6 glioma cells. Journal of Neurochemistry 150: 246. Montreal (August 2019)

Harders AR., Denieffe SC., Arend C., and Dringen R. (2023). ATP depletion in cultured primary astrocytes. Journal of Neurochemistry 162: 132. Honolulu (August 2022)

Arend C., Grothaus IL., Waespy M., LC. Ciacchi and Dringen R. (2022). Modulation of Multidrug Resistance Protein 1-mediated export processes by the antiviral drug ritonavir. Journal of Neurochemistry 162: 67. Honolulu (August 2022)

Arend C., Grothaus IL., Waespy M., LC. Ciacchi and Dringen R. (2023). Modulation of Multidrug Resistance Protein 1-mediated export processes by the antiviral drug ritonavir. Bremen Life Sciences Meeting, Constructor University Bremen (May 2023).

Kalsi G.K. and Arend C. (2023). Dimethyl itaconate depletes the glutathione content of cultured primary astrocytes. Journal of Neurochemistry 166: 54, Porto (August 2023).