S. Chattopadhyay, C. J. Eckhardt, D. M. Kennes, M. A. Sentef, D. Shin, A. Rubio, A. Cavalleri, E. A. Demler and M. H. Michael

npj Quantum Materials  10, 34 (2025)

Inspired by the striking discovery of metastable superconductivity in K₃C₆₀ at 100K, far above T_c = 20 K, we discuss possible mechanisms for long-lived, photo-induced superconductivity. Starting from a model of optically-driven Raman phonons coupled to inter-band electronic transitions, we develop a microscopic mechanism for photo-controlling the pairing interaction. Leveraging this mechanism, we first investigate long-lived superconductivity arising from the thermodynamic metastable trapping of the driven phonon. We then propose an alternative route, where the superconducting gap created by an optical drive leads to a dynamical bottleneck in the equilibration of quasi-particles. We conclude by discussing the implications of both scenarios for experiments that can be used to discriminate between them. Our work provides falsifiable explanations for the nanosecond-scale photo-induced superconductivity found in K₃C₆₀, while simultaneously offering a theoretical basis for exploring metastable superconductivity in other quantum materials.