Plant reproduction

HIPOD identifies plants with three parents. Image of herbicid selection surviving three parent plant (left). YFP fluorescence analysis of plants recovered from three parent selection (right).
HIPOD identifies plants with three parents. Image of herbicid selection surviving three parent plant (left). YFP fluorescence analysis of plants recovered from three parent selection (right).

Identification of 3-parent plants in the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana

It was considered an inviolable principle that sexually reproducing organisms have no more than two parents and fertilization of an egg by multiple sperm (polyspermy) is lethal in many eukaryotes. In flowering plants polyspermy has remained a hypothetical concept, due to the lack of tools to unambiguously identify and trace this event. We established a high-throughput polyspermy detection assays, which uncovered that supernumerary sperm fusion does occur in planta and can generate viable polyploid offspring. Moreover, polyspermy can give rise to seedlings with one mother and two fathers, challenging the bi-organismal concept of parentage. Our results provide direct evidence for polyspermy as a route towards polyploidy, which is considered a major plant speciation mechanism (Nakel et al. 2017, Tekleyohans, Groß-Hardt 2019).

Funding Sources

We are grateful for financial support by: