Dr. Stephan Friedrich von den Eichen, Honorary Professor of Business Administration, esp. Organizational, Management & Business Model Innovation at the University of Bremen (LEMEX) and CEO of the management consultancy IMP (Innovative Management Partner) answers this question in his latest book, "Open Strategy: Mastering Disruption from Outside the C-Suite," MIT Press, 2021. (Amazon; MIT Press)

On the basis of a considerable number of disruptions that IMP has successfully brought to market together with medium-sized companies (RITTER SPORT, SICK, BPW, KEBA, et al.) but also with multinational corporations (Lufthansa, adidas, Dr. Oetker, SUL AMERICA, et al.), he describes the management innovation "open strategy" together with his co-authors Christian Stadler (University of Warwick) and Kurt Matzler and Julia Hautz (both University of Innsbruck).

At its core, it is about a real paradigm shift in strategy work, using collective intelligence inside and outside the company to successfully develop and implement disruptive strategies and business models. For this, the authors have been nominated for the Thinkers50 Strategy Award 2021. The Thinkers50 Distinguished Achievement Award - also known as the "Oscars of management thinking" - is presented every two years for the world's best management ideas. Previous winners have included bestselling authors such as CK Prahalad (the concept of core competencies and The Bottom of the Pyramid) and W Chan Kim & Renee Mauborgne (Blue Ocean Strategy). The Top 50 Thinkers include personalities such as Clayton Christensen, Erik Brynjolfsson & Andrew McAfee, Eric Ries, Gary Hamel, Roger Martin, Don Tapscott and Michael Porter.